Monitoramento tecnológico das espécies arbóreas nativas do Brasil

Abstract

Brazil is a privileged country in geographical location and natural resources, is recognized worldwide for the high productivity of its planted areas and has many universities with innovative research, but on the other hand, it makes few uses of its biodiversity and its species are being studied and reverted in products by other countries. In this context, since the sectors of technological innovation and natural resources has great potential for Brazil, the objective of this work was to analyze the use of native tree species in technological innovations through the national and international patent system. From this, it was possible to: identify the most used species in Brazilian patents, its purpose, the endemism of these species and their distribution by phytogeographic domain; the number of Green Patents; the percentage of Universities, Individuals and Companies, and their source; and compare the national and international scenario. First, the search terms were organized in a table and used for technological monitoring in the INPI patent base. The collected data were analyzed, and once the used species were identified, the site Flora do Brasil was consulted for analyzes of the spatial distribution of these trees. Finally, based on the national results, a search was made on the main international basis. Only one of the documents was considered a Green Patent; 23 states deposited documents that use native tree species, with Sao Paulo being the largest depositor; despite having the fewest species, the Pampa and the Pantanal were the phytogeographic domains that used the most their species in the form of products and processes. Universities are the largest depositors in Brazil, and 16% of Brazilian deposits came from internationals. The main purpose of use was for medicinal preparations and the most cited species was Anacardiumoccidentale L. The species Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K.Schum., is the endemic species that was cited in most patents deposited in Brazil, and was mentioned in 15 documents. When surveyed on the international basis, this species has 28 results from 21 countries, however, when the restriction of citing the species only on the document's front page is removed, it goesto 444 patents, which is almost the number of all patents with native tree species found in Brazil.